• br Results To understand how Rad functions

  2020-02-13

  

  Results To understand how Rad53 functions to maintain replisome integrity, we first analyzed newly synthesized leading- and lagging-strand DNA in wild-type (WT) and rad53-1 mutant cells using BrdU-IP-ssSeq, a method that detects synthesis of both leading and lagging strands (Yu et al., 2014). Bri

• Aspergillus nigerA niger is another filamentous fungus in wh

  2020-02-13

  

  Aspergillus nigerA. niger is another filamentous fungus, in which alternative dehydrogenases have been described. Filamentous fungi are a very important group of microorganisms that are used in industry (O’Donnell et al. 2011). Biotechnological production processes using these organisms are often hi

• Multiple protein species are known

  2020-02-13

  

  Multiple protein species are known to naturally exist for the transmembrane receptors DDR1 and DDR2. Five splice variants have been characterized for DDR1 (“a” through “e”). The d and e isoforms lack the intracellular kinase domain of DDR1. The splicing of DDR1 to various extents has been reported i

• Significantly less is known about regulation

  2020-02-13

  

  Significantly less is known about regulation of phytocystatin gene expression. A genomic clone corresponding to the barley cystatin Icy gene has been characterized (Gaddour et al., 2001) and the function of its promoter region has been analysed by Martínez et al. (2005b). Bioinformatic analysis of t

• Studies have shown that the cultivation of BMSCs under hypox

  2020-02-13

  

  Studies have shown that the cultivation of BMSCs under hypoxic conditions, treating with cytokines (such as HGF, IGF-1 and IL-6) and viral-mediated CXCR-4 gene delivery have been shown to re-establish CXCR-4 expression on the surface of stem Methotrexate (Liu et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2014a, Ziaei

• Mechanistically GW treatment modulated cytokine expression w

  2020-02-13

  

  Mechanistically, GW2580 treatment modulated cytokine expression within the kidney. We noted a decrease in the levels of TNF, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-27, and GM-CSF in GW2580 treated mice. Decreased levels of these proinflammatory cytokines likely contributed to the attenuated proteinuria and improved renal

• Errors are detected by comparing the output

  2020-02-13

  

  Errors are detected by comparing the output data against an error free reference. After error detection, the process is restarted so that only one error is accounted. The susceptibility is inferred by the ratio between injected events and detected errors: = 100×errors÷events%. Error rates are obtai

• Introduction Angiotensin II Ang II and

  2020-02-13

  

  Introduction Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Endothelin 1 (ET-1) are potent vasoconstrictive peptides recognized as key players in many cardiovascular diseases [1]. Cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic arrhythmia, and stroke have been associated to an overstimulation of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) recepto

• Interest in the PGE EP pathway is increasing given

  2020-02-13

  

  Interest in the PGE2/EP4 pathway is increasing given its diverse capability of regulating central nervous system activity [13]. EP4 has a protective function by reducing cerebral injury and improving functional outcome after stroke [14], and in suppressing PSB 0777 ammonium salt inflammation [15].

• br Abbreviations br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2020-02-13

  

  Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DbH) is the enzyme catalysing the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, two important neurotransmitters involved in the central nervous system [1]. This enzyme has been isolated from bovine chromaffin granules as a tetr

• The p controls transcription of several

  2020-02-13

  

  The p53 controls transcription of several genes that affect the release of cytochrome c in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway [44]. In addition, p53 can induce a transcription-independent apoptosis through a direct interaction with the Bcl-2 family proteins [45]. However, the role of mitochondrial

• We have performed our MSP analyses

  2020-02-13

  

  We have performed our MSP analyses as real-time PCR using SybrGreen (Fig. 2). The results of the beta-actin PCR vary in each sample group because the amount of DNA for bisulfite treatment was adjusted to a constant volume of serum (500μl) rather than to equal amounts of DNA. Because we expected lowe

• Yet the standards fall back on the development process with

  2020-02-13

  

  Yet, the standards fall back on the development process with justification. As shown by Littlewood and Strigini (1993), the extent to which the reliability of software (both OTS and bespoke) can be proved by testing is severely limited––not because appropriate tests cannot be devised, but because ad

• Further proof is required as

  2020-02-13

  

  Further proof is required as to whether ER membrane receptors play a role in the maintenance of bone mass. It is also possible that other non-genomic pathways may be involved. Nevertheless, whatever the precise mechanism of action of estrogens may be, the imbalance between bone formation and resorpt

• The work described by Dong

  2020-02-13

  

  The work described by Dong, Groves, and co-workers (11) tested the hypothesis that neural stem cell development is sensitive to the clustering and mechanical state of the EphB4:ephrin-B2 receptor-ligand complex. They show that the quality of ephrin-B2-ligand signaling depends on its biophysical stat

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