• In conclusion we demonstrate for the first time that

  2022-04-15

  

  In conclusion, we demonstrate, for the first time, that histamine plays a key role in regulating astrocyte function and gliotransmitter release, and we now must re-consider the roles of monoamine neurotransmitters in brain function in the context of astrocyte signalling. Further in vivo studies will

• Glutathione transferases EC also referred to as glutathione

  2022-04-14

  

  Glutathione transferases (EC 2.5.1.18; also referred to as glutathione S-transferases, GSTs) are ubiquitous and promiscuous enzymes that catalyze various kinds of reactions involving a wide variety of substrates that are toxic and chemically reactive (Angelucci et al., 2005). The primary function of

• GPR is present primarily in

  2022-04-14

  

  GPR119 is present primarily in the pancreas and the intestine. Activation of GPR119 increases insulin, GLP-1, GIP and PYY secretion. GPR119 agonists stimulate insulin release in a glucose-dependent manner. The glucose dependent insulin secretion (GIDS) mechanism makes GPR119 an attractive target for

• Recently a G protein coupled receptor GPR

  2022-04-14

  

  Recently, a G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR109a, was identified as a molecular target for niacin. Following this breakthrough, our group initiated a drug discovery program focused on the development of a high affinity ‘flush-free’ niacin-like agonist. Previously, we reported on the identification of

• Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate

  2022-04-14

  

  Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate homeostasis is critical in relapse to many drugs of abuse [84,85]. Glutamate is transported by GLT-1, which accounted for about 90% of glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft [14,15]. CEF is known to produce its effects through GLT-1 upreg

• br Introduction Most organisms require glucose as

  2022-04-14

  

  Introduction Most organisms require glucose as a key metabolite, and it is critical that mammalian cells regulate glucose levels properly to maintain bioenergetic homeostasis. The major transporters responsible for the uptake of glucose from systemic circulation into cells are the GLUTs, members

• Extending time action is another strategy

  2022-04-14

  

  Extending time action is another strategy to increase in vivo efficacy. Twice daily administration of the unacylated analogs herein caused greater body weight loss in DIO mice than the equivalent dose administered as a single daily injection, suggesting that protracted time action should yield more

• Exposure of human and animals

  2022-04-14

  

  Exposure of human and animals to MPTP can reproduce all the characteristic motor and non-motor signs of PD, in addition to mimicking the same responses and side effects to drugs used to treat PD [37], [38]. Anatomically, intoxication with MPTP induces the same selective loss of substantia nigra DA n

• Ghrelin is mostly known for

  2022-04-14

  

  Ghrelin is mostly known for its orexigenic properties, whereas the role of DAG on feeding is controversial with studies claiming an orexigenic, anorexigenic or no effect (Inhoff et al, 2009, Toshinai et al, 2006). One of these studies was that of Toshinai and colleagues, who found a link between the

• br Introduction Connexins are transmembrane proteins that al

  2022-04-14

  

  Introduction Connexins are transmembrane proteins that allow the exchange of molecules with the extracellular environment or adjacent pevonedistat via channels in the plasma membrane. Intercellular communication and exchange of biologically active molecules, salts, and nutrients to the extracell

• br Introduction Stroke is the second cause

  2022-04-13

  

  Introduction Stroke is the second cause of death worldwide and the first cause of acquired motor disability in adults [1], [2]. In sub-Saharan Africa, stroke is the first cause of admission in neurology departments [3]. In Cameroon, the in-hospital mortality of stroke is estimated at 26.8% [4]. A

• NVP-LCQ195 Acetylation of histones by histone acetyltransfer

  2022-04-13

  

  Acetylation of histones by histone acetyltransferases stimulates gene expression by relaxing NVP-LCQ195 structure, allowing access of transcription factors to DNA, whereas deacetylation of histones by histone deacetylases promotes chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression. Recent studies

• Neuromedin B Studies of early cell fate specification

  2022-04-13

  

  Studies of early cell fate specification in the mouse embryo have identified a role for differential Motin localization in controlling Hippo signaling [88]. At the 32-cell stage, mouse blastomeres are subdivided into inner cells, which form the inner cell mass (ICM), and outer cells, which form the

• cudc 907 One of the possibilities of HO

  2022-04-13

  

  One of the possibilities of HO-1 targeting is gene therapy. So far, the majority of preclinical studies have focused on recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors as DNA carriers. They not only provide stable, long-term transgene expression in non-dividing cudc 907 but also have very limited

• To solve the atomic structures

  2022-04-13

  

  To solve the atomic structures of several individual domains and a complete molecular architecture of sGC, tangible experimental research work has been done which resulted in a cryo-electron density map of R. norvegicus. However, the full structure of the human sGC remains to be determined. In the p

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